J05AF05 - Lamivudine |
Propably not porphyrinogenic |
PNP |
Side effects
Common adverse reactions of lamivudine that can be confused with an acute porphyric attack are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. These side effects may potentially be porphyrinogenic if leading to a decrease in carbohydrate intake.
Rationale
Lamivudine is not metabolized by CYP450 enzymes, and is not an inducer or a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes. No pharmacokinetic porphyrinogenic effects are suspected.
Chemical description
Nucleoside analogue
Therapeutic characteristics
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B. It is administered orally.
Metabolism and pharmakokinetics
Lamivudine is not a substrate, inhibitor or inducer of CYP450 enzymes (Johnson 1999, SPC).
The majority of lamivudine is eliminated unchanged through the kidney, and only 5 % is metabolized to trans-sulfoxide (Kumar 2010).
References
- Scientific articles
- Johnson MA, Moore KH, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of lamivudine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Jan;36(1):41-66. #1809
- Kumar PN, Patel P. Lamivudine for the treatment of HIV. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2010 Jan;6(1):105-14. PMID 20001611. #4543
- Summary of Product Characteristics
- The electronic Medicines Compendium (emc). Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). (Epivir). #1811
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