As articaine is primarily metabolized by plasma esterases, and CYP affinity has not been reported (Rendic 2002), articaine can therefore on theoretical grounds be classified as probably not porphyrinogenic. Two cases of uneventful use reported.

Articaine hydrochloride is a local anaesthetic of the amide type.

Local anaesthetic. Often administered in combination with epinephrine (adrenaline) (not porphyrogenic) which prolongs the effect of articaine, and reduces hepatic exposure and the risk of systemic reactions.

Unknown.

Articaine, with its ester side chain, is hydrolyzed primarily by plasma esterases (Overman,P.R. 2007). Articaine hydrochloride is quickly metabolized by carboxyesterase to its primary metabolite articainic acid. In-vitro studies show that P450 isoenzymes found in the human hepatocytes microsomes metabolize approxemately 5-10 % of available artecaine, converting the drug almost quantitatively to articainic acid. CYP affinity not reported by Rendic (2002).

Thunell, S., study to be published: 2 AIP carriers reported uneventful use. Dentist reported uneventful use of articaine (Septocain®) in AIP patients.

Uneventful use reported in 1 patient with acute porphyria.